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Dame Mary Lucy Cartwright DBE FRSE FRS (17 December 1900 – 3 April 1998) was a British mathematician. With J. E. Littlewood she was the first to analyze a dynamical system with chaos.〔Freeman J. Dyson, (''Mary Lucy Cartwright (1900-1998): Chaos theory'' ), pp. 169-177, in ''Out of the Shadows: Contributions of Twentieth-Century Women to Physics'', edited by Nina Byers and Gary Williams, 498 p. (Cambridge University Press, 2006). ISBN 0-521-82197-5〕 ==Early life and education== Cartwright was born in Aynho, Northamptonshire, where her father, William Digby Cartwright, was vicar. Through her grandmother Jane Holbech she was descended from the poet John Donne and William Mompesson, the Vicar of Eyam. Early education was at Leamington High School (1912-1915) then Gravely Manor School in Boscombe (1915-1916) before completion in Godolphin School in Salisbury (1916-1919).〔https://www.royalsoced.org.uk/cms/files/fellows/biographical_index/fells_indexp1.pdf〕 She studied mathematics at St Hugh's College, Oxford, graduating in 1923 with a first class degree. She was the first woman to attain the final degree lectures and to obtain a first. She then taught at Alice Ottley School in Worcester and Wycombe Abbey School in Buckinghamshire before returning to Oxford in 1928 to read for her D.Phil. She was supervised by G. H. Hardy in her doctoral studies. During the academic year 1928–9 Hardy was at Princeton, so it was E. C. Titchmarsh who took over the duties as a supervisor. Her thesis on zeroes of entire functions was examined by J. E. Littlewood whom she met for the first time as an external examiner in her oral examination for the D.Phil. She would later establish an enduring collaboration with Littlewood. In 1930 Cartwright was awarded a Yarrow Research Fellowship and she went to Girton College, Cambridge, to continue working on the topic of her doctoral thesis. Attending Littlewood's lectures, she solved one of the open problems which he posed. Her theorem, now known as Cartwright's theorem, gives an estimate for the maximum modulus of an analytic function that takes the same value no more than ''p'' times in the unit disc. To prove the theorem she used a new approach, applying a technique introduced by Lars Ahlfors for conformal mappings. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Mary Cartwright」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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